265 research outputs found
Multiport beamforming system based on reconfigurable waveguide phased antenna array for satellite communication applications
A multiport K/Ka-band beamforming system based on the reconfigurable
waveguide phased antenna array is presented in this thesis. The waveguide structure is
used to achieve low loss, wideband performance, and simple installation and
maintenance. The antenna array is adopted to compensate for the high propagation loss
in higher frequency, which also provided flexible functions for multi-user wireless
communication applications.
The reconfigurable waveguide transitions are the most crucial component in this
beamforming system to achieve dual linear-polarized/left-handed circular-polarized/right-handed circular-polarized functions at K/Ka-band respectively by using
the reconfigurable structure. It provided much better performance in bandwidth
compared with the recent dual-band/dual-mode waveguide transitions.
The waveguide antenna and antenna arrays are reconfigurable and replaceable
to meet the design purposes and requirements for linear-polarized/left-handed circular-polarized/right-handed circular-polarized functions. The ultra-bandwidth from K-band
to Ka-band provided advantages in saving cost and flexible functions due to the
waveguide antenna array parts being applicable for both transmitting/receiving systems
for K/Ka-band.
This advanced beamforming system could provide many merits such as low loss,
wideband, compact structure, high functional flexibility, lower cost, simpler
installation, and easier maintenance by using the waveguide reconfigurable. These
advantages are indicated by the sufficiently good performance in both the simulated and
measured results in this thesis, which demonstrated that this beamforming system
design is applicable for wireless communication applications in high frequency,
especially for satellite communication applications with separated unlink and downlink
systems.
The potential and prospect for a MIMO beamforming system with a multilayer
PCB feeding network are also demonstrated from the wideband performance of
multilayer SICL power divider and SICL-to-waveguide transitions in this thesis to get
a more flexible structure for a MIMO beamforming system and more compact structure
Exploring the Design Space of Immersive Urban Analytics
Recent years have witnessed the rapid development and wide adoption of
immersive head-mounted devices, such as HTC VIVE, Oculus Rift, and Microsoft
HoloLens. These immersive devices have the potential to significantly extend
the methodology of urban visual analytics by providing critical 3D context
information and creating a sense of presence. In this paper, we propose an
theoretical model to characterize the visualizations in immersive urban
analytics. Further more, based on our comprehensive and concise model, we
contribute a typology of combination methods of 2D and 3D visualizations that
distinguish between linked views, embedded views, and mixed views. We also
propose a supporting guideline to assist users in selecting a proper view under
certain circumstances by considering visual geometry and spatial distribution
of the 2D and 3D visualizations. Finally, based on existing works, possible
future research opportunities are explored and discussed.Comment: 23 pages,11 figure
Fine-Grained Named Entity Typing over Distantly Supervised Data Based on Refined Representations
Fine-Grained Named Entity Typing (FG-NET) is a key component in Natural
Language Processing (NLP). It aims at classifying an entity mention into a wide
range of entity types. Due to a large number of entity types, distant
supervision is used to collect training data for this task, which noisily
assigns type labels to entity mentions irrespective of the context. In order to
alleviate the noisy labels, existing approaches on FGNET analyze the entity
mentions entirely independent of each other and assign type labels solely based
on mention sentence-specific context. This is inadequate for highly overlapping
and noisy type labels as it hinders information passing across sentence
boundaries. For this, we propose an edge-weighted attentive graph convolution
network that refines the noisy mention representations by attending over
corpus-level contextual clues prior to the end classification. Experimental
evaluation shows that the proposed model outperforms the existing research by a
relative score of upto 10.2% and 8.3% for macro f1 and micro f1 respectively
Similarities and differences of functional connectivity in drug-naïve, first-episode adolescent and young adult with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are considered two distinct psychiatric disorders. Yet, they have considerable overlap in symptomatology and clinical features, particularly in the initial phases of illness. The amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC) appear to have critical roles in these disorders; however, abnormalities appear to manifest differently. In our study forty-nine drug-naïve, first-episode MDD, 45 drug-naïve, first-episode SZ, and 50 healthy control (HC) participants from 13 to 30 years old underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Functional connectivity (FC) between the amygdala and PFC was compared among the three groups. Significant differences in FC were observed between the amygdala and ventral PFC (VPFC), dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), and dorsal anterior cingulated cortex (dACC) among the three groups. Further analyses demonstrated that MDD showed decreased amygdala-VPFC FC and SZ had reductions in amygdala-dACC FC. Both the diagnostic groups had significantly decreased amygdala-DLPFC FC. These indicate abnormalities in amygdala-PFC FC and further support the importance of the interaction between the amygdala and PFC in adolescents and young adults with these disorders. Additionally, the alterations in amygdala-PFC FC may underlie the initial similarities observed between MDD and SZ and suggest potential markers of differentiation between the disorders at first onset
RAHNet: Retrieval Augmented Hybrid Network for Long-tailed Graph Classification
Graph classification is a crucial task in many real-world multimedia
applications, where graphs can represent various multimedia data types such as
images, videos, and social networks. Previous efforts have applied graph neural
networks (GNNs) in balanced situations where the class distribution is
balanced. However, real-world data typically exhibit long-tailed class
distributions, resulting in a bias towards the head classes when using GNNs and
limited generalization ability over the tail classes. Recent approaches mainly
focus on re-balancing different classes during model training, which fails to
explicitly introduce new knowledge and sacrifices the performance of the head
classes. To address these drawbacks, we propose a novel framework called
Retrieval Augmented Hybrid Network (RAHNet) to jointly learn a robust feature
extractor and an unbiased classifier in a decoupled manner. In the feature
extractor training stage, we develop a graph retrieval module to search for
relevant graphs that directly enrich the intra-class diversity for the tail
classes. Moreover, we innovatively optimize a category-centered supervised
contrastive loss to obtain discriminative representations, which is more
suitable for long-tailed scenarios. In the classifier fine-tuning stage, we
balance the classifier weights with two weight regularization techniques, i.e.,
Max-norm and weight decay. Experiments on various popular benchmarks verify the
superiority of the proposed method against state-of-the-art approaches.Comment: Accepted by the ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM) 202
HAMNER: Headword Amplified Multi-span Distantly Supervised Method for Domain Specific Named Entity Recognition
To tackle Named Entity Recognition (NER) tasks, supervised methods need to
obtain sufficient cleanly annotated data, which is labor and time consuming. On
the contrary, distantly supervised methods acquire automatically annotated data
using dictionaries to alleviate this requirement. Unfortunately, dictionaries
hinder the effectiveness of distantly supervised methods for NER due to its
limited coverage, especially in specific domains. In this paper, we aim at the
limitations of the dictionary usage and mention boundary detection. We
generalize the distant supervision by extending the dictionary with headword
based non-exact matching. We apply a function to better weight the matched
entity mentions. We propose a span-level model, which classifies all the
possible spans then infers the selected spans with a proposed dynamic
programming algorithm. Experiments on all three benchmark datasets demonstrate
that our method outperforms previous state-of-the-art distantly supervised
methods.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure
A Diffusion model for POI recommendation
Next Point-of-Interest (POI) recommendation is a critical task in
location-based services that aim to provide personalized suggestions for the
user's next destination. Previous works on POI recommendation have laid focused
on modeling the user's spatial preference. However, existing works that
leverage spatial information are only based on the aggregation of users'
previous visited positions, which discourages the model from recommending POIs
in novel areas. This trait of position-based methods will harm the model's
performance in many situations. Additionally, incorporating sequential
information into the user's spatial preference remains a challenge. In this
paper, we propose Diff-POI: a Diffusion-based model that samples the user's
spatial preference for the next POI recommendation. Inspired by the wide
application of diffusion algorithm in sampling from distributions, Diff-POI
encodes the user's visiting sequence and spatial character with two
tailor-designed graph encoding modules, followed by a diffusion-based sampling
strategy to explore the user's spatial visiting trends. We leverage the
diffusion process and its reversed form to sample from the posterior
distribution and optimized the corresponding score function. We design a joint
training and inference framework to optimize and evaluate the proposed
Diff-POI. Extensive experiments on four real-world POI recommendation datasets
demonstrate the superiority of our Diff-POI over state-of-the-art baseline
methods. Further ablation and parameter studies on Diff-POI reveal the
functionality and effectiveness of the proposed diffusion-based sampling
strategy for addressing the limitations of existing methods
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